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Our Technology

The safest battery.Engineered for decades, not years.

Vanadium redox flow batteries store energy in non-flammable liquid electrolyte. No fires. No toxic gas. No capacity fade. Thirty years of reliable operation.

The Chemistry

How vanadium flow batteries work.

A vanadium redox flow battery stores energy as chemical potential in a liquid vanadium electrolyte rather than in solid cells. Two tanks of electrolyte are pumped through a cell stack where the electrochemical reaction takes place. Charge and discharge happen by reversing that reaction.

Because the energy is in the liquid, power output and storage duration scale independently. With lithium-ion, power and energy are packaged together in each cell, so you can't add one without the other. With VRFB, you can: need more hours of storage? Add electrolyte. Need more peak power? Add cell stacks.

The electrolyte operates at ambient temperature. There is no combustible material in the system. Thermal runaway, the failure mode behind lithium-ion battery fires, is physically impossible. See how we develop a project from site assessment to operation.

Diagram showing how a vanadium redox flow battery works: two electrolyte tanks (positive and negative) pump vanadium electrolyte through a central cell stack where the electrochemical charge and discharge reaction takes place. VANADIUM REDOX FLOW BATTERY: HOW IT WORKS CHARGE / DISCHARGE grid or load connection + - POSITIVE TANK vanadium electrolyte V⁴⁺ / V⁵⁺ oxidation state changes during charge / discharge add electrolyte = more stored energy NEGATIVE TANK vanadium electrolyte V²⁺ / V³⁺ oxidation state changes during charge / discharge add electrolyte = more stored energy ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE CELL STACK add cell stacks for more peak power PUMP PUMP
How a vanadium redox flow battery stores and releases energy
Key Specifications

Built for long-duration, long-life deployment.

4-12+ hours
Duration
Scalable by adding electrolyte
20,000+
Cycle Life
No capacity fade over system life
30+ years
System Lifespan
Designed for multi-decade operation
None
Thermal Runaway
Non-flammable aqueous electrolyte
None
Toxic Emissions
No gas emissions under any condition
98%+
End-of-Life
Recyclable. No hazardous waste.
Technology Comparison

How our battery compares to lithium-ion.

Both technologies are used in grid-scale storage. When you're siting a battery near a neighborhood, school, or town center, these differences are worth understanding.

Metric Vanadium Flow Battery Lithium-Ion
Fire risk None. The electrolyte is water-based and non-combustible Present. Requires on-site fire suppression systems
Toxic fume risk None under any condition Possible during a failure event
Required distance from property lines 10 feet 30 feet minimum
Storage duration 4 to 12+ hours, expanded by adding electrolyte, not hardware 2 to 4 hours, fixed at installation
System lifespan 30+ years at full capacity 10 to 15 years
Capacity loss over time Negligible 20–30% in the first 10 years
Siting near homes and schools Suitable, with a smaller safety buffer required Requires larger separation from buildings and people
End-of-life disposal 98%+ recyclable, no hazardous waste Contains hazardous materials, requires special handling

Setback requirements per NFPA 855, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems, 2023 edition.

Modularity

Modular by design. Scalable by electrolyte.

Independent Power and Energy Scaling

Increase storage hours by adding electrolyte tanks. Increase peak power by adding cell stacks. VRFB is the only technology where energy capacity and power capacity scale truly independently.

Containerized, Factory-Built Systems

Each system arrives in standard shipping containers with factory-tested components. Installation is faster, quality control is higher, and commissioning is more predictable than field-assembled alternatives.

30-Year Economic Life

A VRFB system installed today will still operate at full rated capacity in 2055. No mid-life battery replacement, no capacity ramp-down. One capital investment supporting three decades of community energy storage, lease revenue, and grid services.

End of Life

No hazardous waste. Ever.

The vanadium electrolyte retains its chemistry indefinitely and can be reused in future installations. Structural components, tanks, and cell hardware are over 98% recyclable. When a Tremont project reaches end of life, there is no hazardous waste stream, no environmental remediation liability, and no burden passed to your community.

98%+
Recyclable components
0
Hazardous materials
30+
Year system lifespan